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Vue(3.0) Composition API | Bootstrap(v5) | JSON Server | CRUD Example

In this article, we are going to implement a sample Vue(3.0) CRUD example, using JSON Server(Fake API).

Vue(3.0):

Vue(3.0) is a javascript framework for creating a single-page application. Vue application built by component. The components are the smallest unit of the application which comprises 'Script', 'Template(HTML)', and 'Style'. Eventually, multiple components together create the Vue application.

Create Vue(3.0) Application:

Let's create a sample Vue(3.0) application to accomplish our demo.

To create a VueJS application our local machine should contain NodeJS. So go to "https://nodejs.org/en/download" and download the Node.

Now run the below command to create the Vue3 application.
 npm init vue@latest

On running the above command we have to choose a few options before creating a vue application, in those options we can choose the default option as 'No', but for the routing option select 'Yes' like below.

Now open our vue application in 'Visual Studio Code' editor and then run the 'npm install' command to download the required packages.

Let's explore the project default files & folders structure:

package.json -  the 'package.json' file contains package references, commands, etc.

index.html -  the 'index.html' file is the only HTML file of our vue application. It contains a 'div' element with  'id' value 'app', so inside of those elements our components get rendered.

main.js - entry js file.

App.vue - entry vue component.

views(folder) - contains vue component that acts as an individual page.

router(folder) - contains js file which contains route configuration.

components(folder) - contains vue components that can be used as children's components

assets(folder) - contains static files like images.

Run the below command to start the VueJS application under the local server.
 npm run dev

Setup JSON Server(Fake API):

Let's set up a fake API by setting up the JSON server in our local machine.

Run the below command to install the JSON server globally onto your local system.
npm install -g json-server

Now go to our Vue application and add a command to run the JSON server into the 'pakage.json' file
Now to invoke the above added command, run the below command in vue application root folder
npm run json-run

After running the above command for the first time, a 'db.json' file gets created, so this file act as a database. So let's add some sample data to the file as below.

Now access the fake JSON endpoint like 'http://localhost:3000/wonders'

Configure Bootstrap Menu:

In the 'index.html' add the bootstrap CSS and JS file references.
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Vite App</title>
    <link
      href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
      rel="stylesheet"
      integrity="sha384-GLhlTQ8iRABdZLl6O3oVMWSktQOp6b7In1Zl3/Jr59b6EGGoI1aFkw7cmDA6j6gD"
      crossorigin="anonymous"
    />
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script type="module" src="/src/main.js"></script>
    <script
      src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
      integrity="sha384-w76AqPfDkMBDXo30jS1Sgez6pr3x5MlQ1ZAGC+nuZB+EYdgRZgiwxhTBTkF7CXvN"
      crossorigin="anonymous"
    ></script>
  </body>
</html>
  • (Line: 8-13) Bootstrap CSS reference
  • (Line: 18-22) Bootstrap JS reference
Next, remove the default CSS file 'src/assets/main.css' and also remove its reference from the 'main.js'

Now let's update the 'App.vue' component with the bootstrap menu as follows.
src/App.vue:
<script setup>
import { RouterLink, RouterView } from "vue-router";
</script>

<template>
  <nav class="navbar bg-primary" data-bs-theme="dark">
    <div class="container-fluid">
      <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">7 Wonders Of The World</a>
    </div>
  </nav>
  <div class="container">
    <RouterView />
  </div>
</template>

<style scoped>

</style>
  • Here added our bootstrap. The 'RouterView' is the default component loads from the 'vue-router'. The 'RouterView' component renders the page content

Install Axio Library:

To consume API calls we need to install Axios library
npm install axios

Create A 'AllWonders' Vue Component:

Let's create a new vue component 'AllWonders.vue' in 'src/views/wonders'(new folder).

Now configure the route for 'AllWonders.vue' component in the 'router/index.js'.
src/router/index.js:
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from "vue-router";
import AllWonders from "../views/wonders/AllWonders.vue";
const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL),
  routes: [
    {
      path: "/",
      name: "home",
      component: AllWonders,
    },
  ],
});
export default router;
  • Here configured a route like '/' to our 'AllWonders' component.

Implement Read Operation:

Read operation means invoking the HTTP GET endpoint, and rendering the API response to the UI.
src/views/wonders/AllWonders.vue:
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
import axios from "axios";
const allWonders = ref([]);
onMounted(() => {
  axios.get("http://localhost:3000/wonders").then((response) => {
    allWonders.value = response.data;
  });
});
</script>
<template>
  <div class="container mt-3">
    <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-3 g-4">
      <div class="col" v-for="item in allWonders" :key="item.id">
        <div class="card">
          <img :src="item.imageUrl" class="card-img-top" alt="..." />
          <div class="card-body">
            <h5 class="card-title">{{ item.name }}</h5>
            <p class="card-text">Location: {{ item.location }}</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
  • (Line: 1) The 'setup' attribute added to the script tag that represents we are using the composition API approach.
  • (Line: 4) Declared 'allWonders' variable of type 'ref'. The 'ref' type is used to declare the reactive properties. Here 'ref([])' means an empty array will be the initial value for the 'allWonders' variable. The 'ref' imports from the 'vue' library.
  • (Line: 5) The  'onMounted' is the life cycle method. Here we can add our logic that needs to be executed on the component mounted. Here generally we invoke our APIS whose response we want to display on page load.
  • (Line: 6-8) Using 'axios.get()' invoking our HTTP GET API endpoint. Here API response assigned to  'allWonders' variable. In vue to assign value to 'ref' variable we should assign to '{variable}.value', we can't directly assign it to the variable itself.
  • (Line: 12-24) Inside the 'template' element we have to render all our component HTML content.
  • (Line: 14) The 'v-for' attribute is used to loop the HTML element based on the collection variable(allWonders). The ':key' attribute is assigned with a unique values like 'id' this helps with HTML track.
  • In vue to render any data dynamically or data binding we have to use ''{{}}"
Now run both vue application and Json Server(fake API).

Create A 'AddWonders.vue' Component:

Let's create a new Vue component 'AddWornders.vue' in 'src/views/wonders'.

Now configure routing for 'AddWonders.vue' component in the 'router/index.js'.
src/router/index.js:
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from "vue-router";
import AllWonders from "../views/wonders/AllWonders.vue";
import AddWonders from "../views/wonders/AddWonders.vue";
const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL),
  routes: [
    {
      path: "/",
      name: "home",
      component: AllWonders,
    },
    {
      path: "/add-wonder",
      name: "Add Wonder",
      component: AddWonders,
    },
  ],
});
export default router;
  • (Line: 12-16) Configured the '/add-wonder' router for 'AddWonders.vue' component.

Implement Create Operation:

The Create operation means posting the data to the HTTP POST API call for creating the new item.
src/views/wonders/AddWonders.vue:
<script setup>
import axios from "axios";
import { reactive } from "vue";
import { useRouter } from "vue-router";
let newWonder = reactive({
  name: "",
  location: "",
  imageUrl: "",
});
const router = useRouter();
const addNewWonder = () => {
  axios.post("http://localhost:3000/wonders", newWonder).then(() => {
    router.push("/");
  });
};
</script>

<template>
  <div class="container mt-4 w-50">
    <form @submit.prevent="addNewWonder">
      <legend >Add New Wonder's</legend>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="txtwonderName" class="form-label">Wonder Name</label>
        <input
          type="text"
          v-model="newWonder.name"
          class="form-control"
          id="txtwonderName"
        />
      </div>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="txtLocation" class="form-label">Location</label>
        <input
          type="text"
          v-model="newWonder.location"
          class="form-control"
          id="txtLocation"
        />
      </div>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="txtImageUrl" class="form-label">Image URL</label>
        <input
          type="text"
          v-model="newWonder.imageUrl"
          class="form-control"
          id="txtImageUrl"
        />
      </div>
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Add</button>
    </form>
  </div>
</template>
  • (Line: 1) The 'setup' attribute added to the script tag that represents we are using the composition API approach.
  • (Line: 5-9) The 'reactive' type loads from 'vue' library. The 'reactive' type is appropriate for creating models for the form binding. Here we defined properties like 'name', 'location', and 'imageUrl' which can use for form binding.
  • (Line: 11-15) The 'addNewWonder' method contains logic to invoke the HTTP Post API call.
  • In vue to enable the form model binding we will use 'v-model' attribute. Each form field must be decorated with the 'v-model'.
  • (Line: 20) The '@submit.prevent' event raises on clicking the form submit button, but it won't reload the page since we configured the 'prevent' event. Here '@submit.prevent' is registered with 'addNewWonder' method.
Let's configure the 'Add' button in 'AllWonders.vue' component so that we can navigate from the 'AllWonders.vue' to  'AddWonders.vue'.
src/views/wonders/Allwonders.vue:
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
import axios from "axios";
const allWonders = ref([]);
onMounted(() => {
  axios.get("http://localhost:3000/wonders").then((response) => {
    allWonders.value = response.data;
  });
});
</script>
<template>
  <div class="container mt-3">
    <div class="row m-2">
      <div class="col col-md-4 offset-md-4">
        <RouterLink to="/add-wonder" class="btn btn-primary">Add</RouterLink>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-3 g-4">
      <div class="col" v-for="item in allWonders" :key="item.id">
        <div class="card">
          <img :src="item.imageUrl" class="card-img-top" alt="..." />
          <div class="card-body">
            <h5 class="card-title">{{ item.name }}</h5>
            <p class="card-text">Location: {{ item.location }}</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
  • (Line: 15) Added the 'RouterLink' its 'to' attribute configured with '/add-wonder' route.
(Step 1)

(Step 2)

(Step 3)

Create A 'EditWonders.vue' Component:

Let's create a new Vue component 'EditWornders.vue' in 'src/views/wonders'.
Now configure routing for the 'EditWonders.vue' component in 'router/index.js'.
src/router/index.js:
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from "vue-router";
import AllWonders from "../views/wonders/AllWonders.vue";
import AddWonders from "../views/wonders/AddWonders.vue";
import EditWonders from "../views/wonders/EditWonders.vue";
const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL),
  routes: [
    {
      path: "/",
      name: "home",
      component: AllWonders,
    },
    {
      path: "/add-wonder",
      name: "Add Wonder",
      component: AddWonders,
    },
    {
      path: "/edit-wonder/:id",
      name: "Edit Wonder",
      component: EditWonders,
    }
  ],
});
export default router;
  • (Line: 18-22) configured the 'edit-wonder/:id' route for the 'EditWonders.vue' component. Here ':id' is the dynamic placeholder where we define an item to edit the 'id' value in the route.

Implement Update Operation:

The update operation means invoking the HTTP PUT endpoint to update the existing item.
src/views/wonders/EditWonders.vue:
<script setup>
import axios from "axios";
import { reactive, onMounted } from "vue";
import { useRouter, useRoute } from "vue-router";
 
let wonderToUpdate = reactive({
  id: 0,
  name: "",
  location: "",
  imageUrl: "",
});
 
const router = useRouter();
const route = useRoute();
 
onMounted(() => {
  axios
    .get(`http://localhost:3000/wonders/${route.params.id}`)
    .then((response) => {
      wonderToUpdate.id = response.data.id;
      wonderToUpdate.name = response.data.name;
      wonderToUpdate.location = response.data.location;
      wonderToUpdate.imageUrl = response.data.imageUrl;
    });
});
 
const updateWonder = () => {
  axios.put(`http://localhost:3000/wonders/${route.params.id}`, wonderToUpdate).then(() => {
    router.push("/");
  });
};
</script>
<template>
  <div class="container mt-4 w-50">
    <form @submit.prevent="updateWonder">
      <legend>Update Wonders</legend>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="txtWonderName" class="form-label">Name</label>
        <input
          type="text"
          v-model="wonderToUpdate.name"
          class="form-control"
          id="txtWonderName"
        />
      </div>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="txtLocation" class="form-label">Location</label>
        <input
          type="text"
          v-model="wonderToUpdate.location"
          class="form-control"
          id="txtLocation"
        />
      </div>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="txtImageUrl" class="form-label">Image URL</label>
        <input
          type="text"
          v-model="wonderToUpdate.imageUrl"
          class="form-control"
          id="txtImageUrl"
        />
      </div>
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Update</button>
    </form>
  </div>
</template>
  • (Line: 1) The 'setup' attribute added to the script tag that represents we are using the composition API approach.
  • (Line: 6-11) The 'reactive' type loads from the 'vue' library. The 'reactive' type is appropriate for creating the model for the form binding in vue. Here we defined properties like 'id', 'name', 'location', and 'imageUrl' which can use for the form binding.
  • (Line: 13) The 'useRouter' loads from the 'vue-router' library that helps with navigation.
  • (Line: 14) The 'useRoute' loads from the 'vue-router' library that helps to read the URL parameters.
  • (Line; 16-25) The 'onMounted' is a Vue life-cycle method in which we invoke the get by 'id' endpoint to populate the item data on to our update form.
  • (Line: 27-31) Here we defined a method like 'updateWonder' that contains logic to invoke the HTTP PUT request to update the item.
  • In vue enable the form model binding we will use 'v-model' attribute. Each form field must be decorate with 'v-model'.
  • (Line: 35) The '@submit.prevent' event raises on clicking the form submit button, but it won't reload the page since we configured the 'prevent' event. Here '@submit.prevent' is registered with 'updateWonder' method.
Let's configure the 'Edit' button in 'AllWonders.vue' component. So that we can navigate from the 'AllWonders.vue' to 'EditWonders.vue'.
src/views/wonders/EditWonders.vue:
<div class="card">
  <img :src="item.imageUrl" class="card-img-top" alt="..." />
  <div class="card-body">
	<h5 class="card-title">{{ item.name }}</h5>
	<p class="card-text">Location: {{ item.location }}</p>
	<router-link class="btn btn-primary" :to="`/edit-wonder/${item.id}`">Edit</router-link>
  </div>
</div>
  • (Line: 6) The 'Routerlink' is configured as our Edit button. Here is our dynamically generated edit route adding at 'to' attribute.
(Step 1)

(Step 2)

(Step 3)

Create A 'ConfirmDeletePopup' Component:

Let's create 'ConfirmDeletePopup.vue' VueJS component in 'src/components' folder, this component can be used as global and its functionality is to show a popup for deleting any kind of item for your application.
src/components/ConfirmDeletePopup.vue:
<script setup></script>
<template>
  <div
    class="modal fade"
    id="deleteModal"
    tabindex="-1"
    aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel"
    aria-hidden="true"
  >
    <div class="modal-dialog">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="modal-header">
          <h1 class="modal-title fs-5" id="exampleModalLabel">
            Delete Confirmation!
          </h1>
          <button
            type="button"
            class="btn-close"
            data-bs-dismiss="modal"
            aria-label="Close"
          ></button>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-body">Are you sure to delete this item</div>
        <div class="modal-footer">
          <button
            type="button"
            class="btn btn-secondary"
            data-bs-dismiss="modal"
          >
            Close
          </button>
          <button
            type="button"
            @click="$emit('confirmdelete-click')"
            class="btn btn-danger"
          >
            Confirm Delete
          </button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
  • Here we added the bootstrap modal HTML content.
  • (Line: 5) Make sure to give 'id' attribute value fo the bootstrap modal.
  • (Line: 34) Here button click emits 'confirmdelete-click' which means we are trying to receive an event from the child component(ConfirmDeletePopup.vue) to the parent component(like 'AllWonders.vue'). To emit the event we have to use '$emit()'.

Implement Delete Operation:

The delete operation means invoking the HTTP Delete endpoint for deleting the item.
src/views/wonders/AllWonders.vue:
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
import ConfirmDeletePopup from "../../components/ConfirmDeletePopup.vue";
import axios from "axios";
const allWonders = ref([]);
const itemToDeleteId = ref([0]);
let deleteModal;

onMounted(() => {
  deleteModal = new window.bootstrap.Modal(
    document.getElementById("deleteModal"));

  axios.get("http://localhost:3000/wonders").then((response) => {
    allWonders.value = response.data;
  });
});

const openDeleteModal = (id) => {
  itemToDeleteId.value = id;
  deleteModal.show();
};

const confirmDelete = () => {
  axios
    .delete(`http://localhost:3000/wonders/${itemToDeleteId.value}`)
    .then(() => {
      allWonders.value = allWonders.value.filter(
        (_) => _.id !== itemToDeleteId.value
      );
      itemToDeleteId.value = 0;
      deleteModal.hide();
    });
};
</script>
<template>
  <div class="container mt-3">
    <div class="row m-2">
      <div class="col col-md-4 offset-md-4">
        <RouterLink to="/add-wonder" class="btn btn-primary">Add</RouterLink>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-3 g-4">
      <div class="col" v-for="item in allWonders" :key="item.id">
        <div class="card">
          <img :src="item.imageUrl" class="card-img-top" alt="..." />
          <div class="card-body">
            <h5 class="card-title">{{ item.name }}</h5>
            <p class="card-text">Location: {{ item.location }}</p>
            <router-link class="btn btn-primary" :to="`/edit-wonder/${item.id}`"
              >Edit</router-link
            > | 
            <button
              type="button"
              @click="openDeleteModal(item.id)"
              class="btn btn-danger"
            >
              Delete
            </button>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <ConfirmDeletePopup @confirmdelete-click="confirmDelete"></ConfirmDeletePopup>
</template>
  • (Line: 7) Declared the variable like 'deleteModal'.
  • (Line: 10-11) Bootstrap instance assigned to the 'deleteModal'.Here we use the modal 'id' attribute value while creating the bootstrap instance.
  • (Line: 18-21) The 'openDeleteModal' method contains logic to show the delete confirmation modal on clicking the delete button. Here we set the item to delete 'id' value to 'itemToDelete' variable.
  • (Line: 23-33) The 'confirmDelete' method contains logic to invoke the delete 
  • API call. On successful deletion, we are going to update our 'allWonders' variable and then hide the bootstrap modal.
  • (Line: 52-58) Here we added the 'Delete' button and its click registered with the 'openDeleteModal' method.
  • (Line: 64)Rendered our 'ConfirmDeletePopup' component and registered with '@confirmdelete-click' which reads the button click from the child component(ConfirmDeletePopup.vue)

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In this article, we are going to write test cases to an Asp.NetCore Web API(.NET6) application using the xUnit. xUnit For .NET: The xUnit for .Net is a free, open-source, community-focused unit testing tool for .NET applications. By default .Net also provides a xUnit project template to implement test cases. Unit test cases build upon the 'AAA' formula that means 'Arrange', 'Act' and 'Assert' Arrange - Declaring variables, objects, instantiating mocks, etc. Act - Calling or invoking the method that needs to be tested. Assert - The assert ensures that code behaves as expected means yielding expected output. Create An API And Unit Test Projects: Let's create a .Net6 Web API and xUnit sample applications to accomplish our demo. We can use either Visual Studio 2022 or Visual Studio Code(using .NET CLI commands) to create any.Net6 application. For this demo, I'm using the 'Visual Studio Code'(using the .NET CLI command) editor. Create a fo
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Part-1 Angular JWT Authentication Using HTTP Only Cookie[Angular V13]

In this article, we are going to implement a sample angular application authentication using HTTP only cookie that contains a JWT token. HTTP Only JWT Cookie: In a SPA(Single Page Application) Authentication JWT token either can be stored in browser 'LocalStorage' or in 'Cookie'. Storing JWT token inside of the cookie then the cookie should be HTTP Only. The HTTP-Only cookie nature is that it will be only accessible by the server application. Client apps like javascript-based apps can't access the HTTP-Only cookie. So if we use authentication with HTTP only JWT cookie then we no need to implement custom logic like adding authorization header or storing token data, etc at our client application. Because once the user authenticated cookie will be automatically sent to the server by the browser on every API call. Authentication API: To implement JWT cookie authentication we need to set up an API. For that, I had created a mock authentication API(Using the NestJS Se
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Angular 14 Crud Example

In this article, we will implement CRUD operation in the Angular 14 application. Angular: Angular is a framework that can be used to build a single-page application. Angular applications are built with components that make our code simple and clean. Angular components compose of 3 files like TypeScript File(*.ts), Html File(*.html), CSS File(*.cs) Components typescript file and HTML file support 2-way binding which means data flow is bi-directional Component typescript file listens for all HTML events from the HTML file. Create Angular(14) Application: Let's create an Angular(14) application to begin our sample. Make sure to install the Angular CLI tool into our local machine because it provides easy CLI commands to play with the angular application. Command To Install Angular CLI npm install -g @angular/cli Run the below command to create the angular application. Command To Create Angular Application ng new name_of_your_app Note: While creating the app, you will see a noti
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ReactJS(v18) Authentication With JWT AccessToken And Refresh Token

In this article, we are going to do ReactJS(v18) application authentication using the JWT Access Token and Refresh Token. JSON Web Token(JWT): JSON Web Token is a digitally signed and secured token for user validation. The JWT is constructed with 3 important parts: Header Payload Signature Create ReactJS Application: Let's create a ReactJS application to accomplish our demo. npx create-react-app name-of-your-app Configure React Bootstrap Library: Let's install the React Bootstrap library npm install react-bootstrap bootstrap Now add the bootstrap CSS reference in 'index.js'. src/index.js: import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' Create A React Component 'Layout': Let's add a React component like 'Layout' in 'components/shared' folders(new folders). src/components/shared/Layout.js: import Navbar from "react-bootstrap/Navbar"; import { Container } from "react-bootstrap"; import Nav from "react-boot
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A Small Guide On NestJS Queues

NestJS Application Queues helps to deal with application scaling and performance challenges. When To Use Queues?: API request that mostly involves in time taking operations like CPU bound operation, doing them synchronously which will result in thread blocking. So to avoid these issues, it is an appropriate way to make the CPU-bound operation separate background job.  In nestjs one of the best solutions for these kinds of tasks is to implement the Queues. For queueing mechanism in the nestjs application most recommended library is '@nestjs/bull'(Bull is nodejs queue library). The 'Bull' depends on Redis cache for data storage like a job. So in this queueing technique, we will create services like 'Producer' and 'Consumer'. The 'Producer' is used to push our jobs into the Redis stores. The consumer will read those jobs(eg: CPU Bound Operations) and process them. So by using this queues technique user requests processed very fastly because actually
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